Application of Cold Sintering Process for Stabilizing Heavy Metals in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) consists predominantly of compounds comprising elements such as calcium, aluminum, silicon, sodium, and others. Additionally, it encompasses a complex mixture heavy metals, chlorides, sulfates, organic pollutants, other constituents. The effective economically viable treatment MSWI FA poses formidable challenge for resource cycling at the current stage. In this research report, we adopt novel low-temperature sintering method called “Cold Sintering Process” (CSP) means to immobilize metals within ash. By utilizing Taguchi orthogonal array method, will adjust five control factors in CSP, including temperature, uniaxial pressure, time, initial water addition, sodium carbonate dosage. leaching cadmium from ash, measured by Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), serve quality indicator products. Through application was transformed into structurally stable ceramic blocks, blocks were effectively immobilized. results experiments showed that under conditions temperature 300 °C, pressure 312 MPa, time 60 min, 25 wt% 9 Na2CO3 addition could reduce 77.71%, lead 21.14%, zinc 42.37%, chromium 99.99%, compared original TCLP results. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) indicate during forms phases calcium silicate, rankinite, hydrogrossular, anorthite, marilite. These phase transformations are considered beneficial preventing internal metals. Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) reveal CSP is advantageous compacting overall structure, EDS further demonstrate some Pb Zn carried out interior with uneven distribution on surface particles. aforementioned experimental preliminary indications CSP’s capability stabilize detrimental components high-purity Future endeavors may entail refinement material proportions, modification parameters, methodologies, thus facilitating potential scalability industrial applications. Such developments align overarching goal utilization.